What you need to know about polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder commonly found in women of reproductive age. It's characterized by an imbalance in reproductive hormones, leading to various symptoms.

The exact cause of PCOS is not yet fully understood, but factors such as genetics, insulin resistance, and hormonal imbalances play significant roles. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of physical exams, medical history review, blood tests to measure hormone levels, and imaging tests (like ultrasounds) to examine the ovaries.

Symptoms of PCOS

Irregular periods
Excess androgen
Weight gain or difficulty losing weight
Fatigue
Skin issues
Fertility problems
Mood changes

If you suspect you have PCOS or are experiencing any of these symptoms, consult with a St. Luke’s Health OB/GYN for a proper diagnosis and to discuss treatment options.

Treating PCOS

Treatment for polycystic ovary syndrome aims to manage symptoms and reduce the risk of long-term complications. It typically involves a combination of lifestyle changes, medications, and sometimes assisted reproductive technology if fertility is a concern. Here are some common approaches:

Lifestyle modifications: Healthy lifestyle changes can significantly improve symptoms. This includes:
- Healthy diet: Emphasizing whole foods, fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and complex carbohydrates while reducing processed foods and sugars. A low-glycemic index diet might be beneficial for managing insulin levels.
- Regular exercise: Physical activity helps manage weight, improves insulin sensitivity, and regulates menstrual cycles.
- Weight management: Achieving and maintaining a healthy weight can improve symptoms and hormone levels.
Medications: Your doctor may prescribe medications to address specific symptoms:
- Anti-androgen medications: Drugs that block the effect of androgens can help reduce symptoms like acne and excess hair growth.
- Metformin: Often used for type 2 diabetes, it can help improve insulin sensitivity and regulate menstrual cycles in women with PCOS.
Fertility treatment: For women trying to conceive, fertility medications combined with techniques like intrauterine insemination (IUI) or in vitro fertilization (IVF) might be recommended.

Each person's situation is unique, and consulting with a St. Luke’s Health OB/GYN can provide valuable insights and options tailored to your specific needs and circumstances.